Question: leaders-ultimately-must-be-judged-on-the-basis-of-a-framework-of-values-10

36.

Moral reasoning
refers to

A.

the process
leaders use to make decisions about values and ethics.

B.

the espoused
values of individuals.

C.

the morality
of individuals.

D.

the process
leaders use to make decisions about ethical and unethical behaviors.

37.

In the preconventional
level of moral development, the criteria for moral behavior

A.

are based
primarily on self-interest.

B.

are based
primarily on gaining others’ approval.

C.

are based on
universal, abstract principles.

D.

are based
primarily on behaving conventionally.

38.

This way of
minimizing individual moral responsibility for collective action can be one
of the negative effects of group decision making.

A.

Advantageous
comparison

B.

Displacement
of responsibility

C.

Distortion of
consequences

D.

Diffusion of
responsibility

39.

Authentic leadership
is founded in

A.

consistency
between values, beliefs and actions.

B.

the Greek
philosophy, “to thine own self be true.”

C.

interacting
independent of other’s expectations of them.

D.

All of the
above

40.

Which of the
following is NOT included in the “fronts” of leadership required to
establish an ethical climate?

A.

A core
ideology

B.

Integrity

C.

A process
focus

D.

All of these
are “fronts” of leadership.

41.

A recent study about
ethical role models at work resulted in identification of four general
categories of attitudes and behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one of
these general categories?

A.

Articulating
ethical standards

B.

Basic
fairness

C.

Interpersonal
behaviors that show care and concern for others

D.

All of these
are categories that were identified.

42.

Nazi concentration
camp guards attempted to avoid moral responsibility for their behavior by
claiming they were merely “carrying out orders.” This is an example
of

A.

displacement
of responsibility.

B.

moral
justification.

C.

advantageous
comparison.

D.

distortion of
consequences.

43.

This is not an
organizational level of leadership in the principle-centered leadership
approach.

A.

Managerial

B.

Personal

C.

Cultural

D.

Interpersonal

44.

Relationships that
lack trust are characterized by self-protective efforts to control and verify
each other’s behavior. This relates to which organizational level of
principle-centered leadership?

A.

Interpersonal

B.

Personal

C.

Managerial

D.

Organizational

45.

Leaders following
the authentic leadership approach

A.

put on a
different act with different audiences.

B.

have
realistic self-perceptions.

C.

do whatever
it takes to assure that things run smoothly.

D.

have
misperceptions of self.

46.

Which of the
following statements concerning servant leadership is true?

A.

The leader’s
primary role is to do whatever it takes to assure that things run smoothly.

B.

It is derived
from a bureaucratic view of organizations.

C.

It places
emphasis upon listening effectively to others.

D.

It has
commonly involved a very top-down and hierarchical approach to leadership.

47.

What is the ultimate
test of a servant leader’s work?

A.

Whether they
understand others’ feelings and perspectives.

B.

Whether it
helps re-create a sense of community among people.

C.

Whether they
can influence others through their persuasiveness.

D.

Whether those
served develop toward being more responsible and competent individuals.

48.

What is the major
disadvantage of the performance measurement system?

A.

It may be
manipulated to allow continuation of the actions that best fulfill his/her
reading of the system goals.

B.

A person
might cheat on the measurement system by exploiting its weaknesses in hopes
of advancement.

C.

It
“takes underground” constructive dialogue about system goals or
modifications in system measurements.

D.

A person acts
in a way that optimizes his/her performance measurements without realizing
that this outcome was not what the system intended.
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